The oil filter removes metal wear particles, carbon fragments, combustion residues, dust, and sludge from engine oil, retaining particles as small as 20–30 microns, so that only purified lubricant reaches precision components. Its key parts include the housing, pleated paper or synthetic filter media, an anti-drainback valve that prevents oil from draining out after shutdown to ensure immediate lubrication at startup, a bypass valve that prevents oil starvation when the media is clogged or the oil is too viscous, and a sealing gasket for an oil-tight connection.